Core Framework & Diagram How Does Inflammation Promote Cancer?

There's evidence, but risk-benefit must be weighed. Multiple large epidemiological studies confirm long-term daily low-dose aspirin (75–150mg) correlates with approximately twenty to forty percent reduced colorectal cancer risk, with the most significant benefit in high-risk populations (colorectal cancer family history, Lynch syndrome). But long-term aspirin's primary risk is gastrointestinal bleeding (risk rises approximately fifty percent) and intracranial bleeding, especially significant in older adults. Don't start on your own; individualized assessment is needed.

Long-term persistently elevated high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) does correlate with moderately elevated risk for multiple cancers (especially colorectal and breast), but this correlation is 'statistical association,' not 'CRP itself causes cancer' — CRP is a marker of chronic inflammation; chronic inflammation is the cause of elevated cancer risk. If hs-CRP is chronically elevated (after ruling out acute infection), actively find and control chronic inflammation sources (obesity, periodontal disease, chronic infections), rather than only worrying about the number itself.

In specific high-risk populations, yes. For Lynch syndrome patients, aspirin's cancer prevention effect has strong RCT evidence (CAPP2 study: daily 600mg aspirin reduced Lynch syndrome colorectal cancer incidence by approximately fifty percent); for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) patients, celecoxib (COX-2 selective inhibitor) has been FDA-approved for reducing polyp numbers. For general risk populations, NSAID cancer prevention benefit isn't sufficient to outweigh long-term use side effect risks — not recommended as routine prevention.

There's reasonable evidence, but effect size isn't large. Mediterranean diet (high fish, olive oil, vegetables/fruits, whole grains; low red meat, processed foods) correlates with reduced inflammatory markers (hsCRP, IL-6) and moderately reduced multiple cancer (colorectal, breast, prostate) incidence in multiple prospective studies. Reducing ultra-processed foods (high added sugars, refined fats, emulsifiers) is considered beneficial for reducing gut and systemic inflammation. But 'anti-inflammatory diet' is a fairly vague concept — there's no single 'magic anti-inflammatory food'; overall dietary patterns matter more than any single food.

From a cancer prevention perspective, treatment is recommended. H. pylori is a definitive Group 1 carcinogen (WHO classification), continuously pushing toward gastric cancer through the chronic gastritis → atrophic gastritis → intestinal metaplasia → gastric cancer progression. Taiwan Matsu's large-scale screening and eradication project showed gastric cancer incidence decreased over fifty percent after fifteen years. Standard triple or quadruple eradication therapy (approximately ten to fourteen days antibiotics + proton pump inhibitor) has over eighty percent efficacy with mild side effects. The earlier the eradication — before irreversible gastric mucosal damage — the better the preventive effect. For Asian populations (including Malaysia, Singapore, China, Taiwan) with higher H. pylori infection rates (some regions over fifty percent in adults), active screening and eradication is one of the most evidence-based and clearly beneficial gastric cancer prevention measures.